Transmission



Aug'.- 15, 1944.

E.P.BULLARD,3D

TRANSMISSION Filed Oct. 12, 1939 Q 4 sheets-sheet 1 INVENTOR .EDWARD FBULLARILE ATTO NEY Aug'. 15, 1944.

E. P. BULLARD, 3D

TRANSMISSION 4` Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 12, 1939 Q' '|NvENToR. f'nwqm F? BULLARQN 'BY @ZJ/W AT1-0R EY Aug. 15,'1944. E. P. BULLARD, an 2,355,623

. TRANSMISSION FiledA oct. 12, 19:59 v 44 sheets-sheet 5 INVENTQR E150 7? BuL MRL-E 'BY ATTO 'EY Aug. 15, 1944.

E. P. BULLARD, 3D

TRANSMISS ION 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed 061. 12, 1939 INVENTOR m7 m n w. .R mm A m EY, `B

Patented Aug. 15,- 1944 TRANSMISSION Edward r. Bullard, m, Fairfield, conn., assigner to The Bullard Company, a corporation o! Connecticut Application October-12, 1939, Serial No. '299,134

28 Claims.

This invention relates to transmissions in general, and particularly to a variable-speed vtransmission for independently rotating a. plurality of driven shafts in two directions.

An object of this invention is to provide a variable-speed transmission which will independently rotate a plurality of driven shafts in two directions, and which will be compact in construction and simple in operation.

Other objects of this invention include the provision of a transmissionof unitary construction enclosed within an oil-tight housing; the provision of a transmission comprising variablespeed gearing, including a speed-reduction unit between a driving and a driven shaft;- the pro- -vision of a transmission in which aspeed reduction unit reduces the speed of variable-speed gearing at a plurality `of successive steps, at each of which the driven shaft of the variable-speed gearing is adapted selectively to be connected; the provision of a transmission in whicha pair of driven shafts is adapted to be rotated at a substantially constant. relatively rapid speed, or at different relatively slow speeds in either direction; the provision of a transmission including an gearing so that only one can be eiective at a time; the provision of a transmission in which a single operating lever is employed for connecting reversible, variable and constant-speed gearing to a driven shaft; the provision of a combined variable and constant-speedv power transmission including manually-operable means for rotating the driven shaft thereof, which means is adapted to be automatically disconnected when the constantspeed portion of said transmission is rendered effectlve; and the provision of a rtransmission including variable-speed gearing having a 'plurality of shiftable gear units adapted to be moved by an axially-shiftable oscillatable shaft for each set of gear umts, and in which an interlock is provided to lock the gear unit that is not in engagement with the axially-shiftable oscillatable shaft.Y y

The above. as well as other objects and novel features of the invention will become apparentupon considering the following specification and accompanying drawings in which:

2li` interlock between variable and constant-speed mission shown in Fig. 1. parts being broken-away to disclose certain features of the invention;

Fig. 4 is a stretch-out sectional view substantially along line 8 8 of Fig. 3, showing the variable-speed gearing of the transmission;

Fig. 5 is a perspective view oi the reversing gearing of the transmission shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a sectional plan view taken substanlinglil adapted to be hermetically sealed and to contain sufficient lubricant to keep the transmission gears submerged in oil, thereby insuring adeguate lubrication, noiseless operation and preventing dust and dirt fromentering the transmis- -v sion. The housing 10 is provided with substantially cylindrical .bosses 1| and 12 through which vertically-disposed shafts 68 and 69 are adapted to pass.

Rotative power is adapted to be supplied to the transmission by means (notvshown) adapted to rotate shaft 68 at a relatively fast constant speed and shaft 69 at a plurality of relatively slow speeds. The transmission F is adapted to drive two-shafts." and 48 forwardly and reversely at a plurality of relatively slow speeds and at a substantiaily constant relatively rapid speed.

Referring to Fig. 4, a bevel gear 13 is journaled in the cylindrical boss 12 and splined to the shaft 69. The bevel gear 13 meshes with a bevel gear 14 keyed to a shaft`15. A portion 18 of the shaft 15 is splined toA receive'slidable gear units 11 and 1 8. The gear units 11 and 18V are adapted to be selectively meshed with three gear umts 19,

and 8| keyed to a shaft 82 parallel with shaft 15. The single gear of unit 19 is adapted to mesh with one gear of unit 11; and the gear unit 80 is provided with two gears one of which is adapted to be meshed with a gear of the sliding unit11 and the other with a gear of the sliding unit 18. The gear unit` 8l is provided with a gear adapted to be meshed with one of the gears of the slidable unit 18. .From an -inspection of Fig. 4. it is apparent that selective shifting of the slidable gear units 11 and in' the transmission F. The construction and arrangement are such that the speed of shaft 82 is reduced through a. plurality of successive steps, at each of which a different driving rate for the transmission F is produced. The shafts 15 and 82 kof Fig. 4 are extended to support the speed-reduction unit of the transmission. The gear unit 8| on the shaft 82 includes a relatively small'gear 83 in constant mesh with a relatively large gear 89 freely :lournaled on the extension of shaft 15. Another relatively small gear 85 integral with gear 84 is constantly in mesh with a relatively large gear 86 freely Journaled on the extension of shaft 82. A third relatively small gear 81, integral with gear 88, is also constantly in mesh with a relatively large gear 88 freely journaled on the shaft 15. The arrangement of gears 84, 85, 8B, 81 and .88 may be continued indefinitely to provide .any desirable number of successive steps of speed reduction.

In the present instance, three steps are provided, each of which bears a definite relation to the preceding and the following. A driven shaft 89 is located within the transmission F in parallel relation to the shafts 'I5 and 82. Shaft 89 is actually in front of shaft '82, but for clarity, Fig. 4 discloses shaft 89 above shaft 82. A pair of .gears 90 and 9| are splined to the shaft 89.

Movement of the gear 9| to the right as viewed duce an additional four speeds upon selectively shifting gears 11 and 18. These speeds will be further `reduced corresponding to the second speed-reduction step of the unit; and shifting gear 90 to the left will produce a final four speeds of shaft 89 at the lowest rate the speedreduction unit can accomplish. Accordingly, shaft 89 is adapted to be driven at sixteen separate and distinct speeds by selectively shifting the gears 11, 18, 90 and 9|.

The sixteen speeds of the shaft 89- derived from shaft 89, as well as the substantially constant speed of the shaft 88, are adapted to be transmitted to the driven shafts 35 and 40 to drive them in. both directions at the plurality of speeds of shaft 89 and the substantially lccnstant speed of shaft 68. In the present invention this has been accomplishedby providing a unique transmissionvincluding a driving shaft for each of the driven shafts 35 and 40 anda pair of auxiliary shafts, all of which support the transmitting and the reversing mechanism.

Referring to Figs. 1, 3 and 5, and particularly Fig. 5, the driven shaft 89 is provided with a gear 92 keyed thereto and adapted to constantly mesh-with a gear 93 iournaled on an auxiliary shaft 94. The gear 93 is adapted to drive v a relatively long gear 95. likewise journaled on the shaft 94. An over-load clutch 99 is provided between the gears 93l and 95, urged into engagement by a spring 91 surrounding shaft 94. The relatively long pinion 95 is adapted to partially overlie and mesh with 'a similar relatively lcng pinion 99 freely journaled on another. auxiliary shaft 99. The auxiliary shafts ,94 and 99 are located in a substantially horizontal plane. -A pair of driving shafts and |0| are arranged in a vsubstantially vertical plane that intersects the horizontal plane midway between the shafts casacca 94 and 99. The shafts |00 and |0| are each provided with a pair of driving gears |02 and |03 `that are constantly in meshwith the relatively long pinion 95 on the auxiliary shaft 94; and a pair of driving gears |04 and |05 in constant mesh with the relatively long pinion 98 onthe auxiliary shaft 99. Gears |02 and |03 are adapted' to be rotated in oppositeV directions from that of gears |04 and |05, and by selectively engaging gears |02, |03, |04 and |05 to the shafts |00 and |0|, it is apparent that said driving shafts my be driven at sixteen different speeds in either direction upon selectively shifting the gears 11, 18, 90 and 9| of the variable speed unit. clutch members and |01 are splined to the driving shafts |00 and |0| respectively. The slidable, positive-action clutch-engaging means are adapted to cooperate with mating clutch elements |08, |09, ||0 and on the gears |02, e

tially constant, rapid speed. Accordingly, a bevel gear ||6 journaled in the substantially cylindrical boss 1| of the housing 10 is splined to shaft 08. Gear ||6 is adapted to mesh withl a bevel gear ||1 integral with a stub shaft ||8 that is coaxial with the auxiliary shaft 94. A relatively long pinion ||9 is adapted to be keyed to the stub 'shaft ||8. A relatively long sleeve gear |20 provided with gear portions |2| and |22 is adapted to be journaled on the auxiliary shaft 99, the gear portion |2| meshing with the relatively long pinion ||9. Accordingly, pinion ||9 and gear are rotated in opposite directions. A pair of gears |23 and |24 journaled on the driving shafts |00 and |0| respectively are maintained incon-l stant mesh with the pinion ||9; and a similar pair of gears and |29 journaled on the driving shafts |00.and |0I, respectively, are adapted to be maintainedinconstant mesh with the gear portion |22 of the sleeve gear |20. Axially-shiftable friction cone clutch members |21` and |23 are splined to the driving shafts |00 and IUI, respectively,lbetween the gears |25, |23 and |24, |29. The friction. clutch members |21 and |28 'are adapted to engage corresponding or mating friction clutch members on adjacent sides of gears |23, |25-and |24, |28, respectively. Accordingly, by selectively shifting the clutch members |21 and |28, it iS possible to drive the driving shafts |09 and |0| in either direction at a substantially constant, relatively rapid speed.

'I'he mechanism for selectively shifting the clutch elements |08 and |21 is identical with that for shifting elements |01 and |28, vand for that reason, only the sluiting mechanism for the clutch elements |08 and |21 will be described. Referring to Figs. 3 and 6 of the drawings, shiftable elements |08 and |21 are provided with yoke elements |29 and |30, respectively. The yoke |23 is oscillatably mounted on a shaft |3| within the housing 1|). In a similar manner, the yoke |33 is oscillatably mounted upon a shaft |32. The yoke elements |29 and |30` are actuated by a pair of axially-aligned individually-oscillatable sleeves Positive-action axially-shiftable accedas |33 and |34 journaIed within' bearings mounted in the housing 10. Each of the sleeves |33 and |34 is provided with a peripheral cam slot |35 and |36, respectively. The yoke elements |29 and |30 support arms |31 and |38, respectively,"

| 21 with their corresponding mating elements.

|08, |09 and the cone clutch surfaces of the ad- A jacent sides of gears |23, |25, respectively.

Selective actuation of the sleeves |33, |34 is effected by the action of an axially-movable,

oscillatable shaft |4| that-extends through the aligned sleeves |33 and |34. 'I'he shaftV |4| extends outside of the housing.10 and is provided with. a hand lever |42. The shaft |4| is provided with pins |43 and |44 adapted to seat Within notches |45 and |46 located in the non-adjacent ends of the aligned sleeves |33 and |34, respectively. Axial movement of the shaft |4| to the right, as viewed in Fig. 6, will cause. the pin |43 to seat within the slot |45 of sleeve |33 so that oscillation of the shaft |4| causes yoke |29 to move the clutch element |06 into andout of engagement with the gears |02 and |04'. .Axial movement of the shaft |4| to the left, as viewed in Fig. 6, will cause pin |44 to seat within slot |46 'or sleeve |34, whereupon oscillating shaft |4| will cause the yoke |30 to shift the element |21 into clutching engagement with either gear |23 or |25.

One of the clutch-shifting elements |06, |21

must be in neutral position when the other is in engagement with its respective gears; otherwise, it world be possible to jam the transmission. An interlock is therefore provided to prevent the axial shifting of shaft |-4| except when it is inv position insuring the neutrality of the elements |06 and |21. Referring to Figs. 6 and 7, the interlock comprises a cup-shaped member |41 securely held within a wall of the housing 10. The cupshaped member |41 is provided with a. central opening |48 through which one end of the shaft |4| is adapted to pass. It is further provided with diametrically-disposed slots |48' on each side of the opening |48 through which the pin |44 'is adapted to pass. These diametrically-disposed slots |48 are arranged so that the shaft |4| must be in a position insuring the neutrality of the clutch-engaging elements |06 and |21 before shaft |,4| can be axially moved in either direction to establish a connection between it and either of the sleeves |33 or |34.

Referring to Fig.- 3', a spring-pressed detent |49 I is adapted to cooperate with a recess |50 to maintain the sleeve |33 in neutral position. Recesses and |52 are provided on opposite sides of the recess |50 for receiving the detent |49, thereby to hold the sleeve |24 in either of its oscillated posiof this construction, slight oscillatable movement oi' shaft' 4| w`ill move sleeve |83 sufciently for detent |49 to engage the wide entrant portions of slots |5| and |52. Thus, upon continuedrotation of gears |02, |04, the spring-pressed detent |49 will automatically eiect engagement of the positive-action clutch |06 even though the teeth fall tooth on tooth-and the operator releases his hold on the lever |42.

The driving shaft |00 is adapted to be manu'- ally rotated independently of the transmission F.

. A bearing |53 is mounted in the side wall of the housing 10 adapted to support a sleeve |54 through which the shaft |4| is adapted to extend to the outside of the housing 10. The outer end of sleeve |54 is provided with teeth. |55 adapted to mesh with teeth |56 on the end of a hub |51 of a hand wheel |58. Hand wheel |58 is adapted to be axially moved along the sleeve |54 to engage and disengage the teeth and |56. The inner end of the sleeve |54 rigidly supports a pinion |59 that meshes with a pinion |60 keyed Accordingly, shifting the hand wheel |58 to theright, as viewed in Fig. 6, and rotatingthe same will cause rotation of driving shaft |00, and consequently, the rotation of splined shaft 40.

The size of the hand wheel |58 is sufficient to constitute a hazard vto the operator as well as to produce a substantial fly-wheel effect if it is rotated at a rapid rate. The fly-wheel effect would have suilicient momentum to cause over-` travel of the shafts 35 and 40. Gears |02 and |04 rotate shaft |00 and hand wheel |58 at a relatively slow rate while gears |23 and |25 rotate' .shaft |00 and hand wheel |58 at a rapid rate. The present invention contemplates means for insuring the separation of the teeth |55 and |56 when the clutch element |21 is shifted into operative position to drive shaft |00 by -gears |23 and |25. The means includes an abutment |6| on the outer end of shaft |4| adapted to cooperate with the hand wheel |58 so that axial movement of the shaft |4| to the left, as viewed in Figi. 6, will automatically disengage the teeth |55 and |56. An identical clutch-shifting mechanism is provided for the elements |01 and |28 on driving shaft |0|.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the slidable gears 11, 18, 90 and 9| of the variable-speed unit of the transmission F are adapted to be shifted by parallel rods |62, |63, |64 and |65.

Rod |62 supports a shifting element |66 adapted tions on each side of its neutral position. Inas- A to a relatively narrow bottom portion. Because to engage gear 18; the rod |63 supportsa shifting element |61 adapted to engage gear 11; the rod |64 supports a shifting element |68 adapted to engage gear.9|; and the rod |65 supportsa shifting element |69 adapted to engage the gear 90. The rods |62, |63, |64 and |65 are adapted to rbe selectively actuated by means of oscillatable and axialiy-shiftable shafts |10 and |1|. The shafts |10 and |1| extend from within the housing 10 to the outside thereof and support handles |12, |13- at the outer ends thereof. The

-rods |62 and |65 are-provided with rack teeth |14 and |15 facing inopposite directions. The rods |63 and |64 are provided at their one ends with rack elements |16 and |11. The rack elements |16 and 11 include rack teethwhich are located in the same planes as the rack teeth |14 and |15, respectively. The shaft |1|) is provided with a pinion |18 adapted to mesh with the rack teeth on the rod |65 and those on the rack member |11. The shaft |1| supports a pinion |19 adapted to mesh with the rack teeth to cooperate with the shafts |16 and 11|, comprises a pair of H-shaped members |66 and on shaft |62 and those on the rack member |16. It is desirable to lock those rods |62, |66, |64 or |66 that are not in mesh with the driving pinions |16 or |16. Accordingly, a slidable yoke member |66 is mounted upon a pin |6| fixed in the housing 16. The legs of the yoke member |66 straddle the' pinion |16, and the outer ends of the legs of said yoke are provided with gear teeth adapted to mesh with the rack teeth |16 and those on the rack element |11. Additionally, a yoke member |62 is mounted on a pin |66 for slidable movement. lLegs of yoke |62 are likewise provided with rack teeth adapted to mesh with rack `teeth |14 and those on the rack element |16. In the position shown in Fig. 2, the pinions |16 and |16 are in mesh with the rack teeth |16 and |16, while the one leg of each yoke member |66 and |62 is in mesh with the rack teeth on the elements |16 and |11, `thereby preventing the movement of the rods |66 and |64. Oscillatable movement of the shafts |16 and|1| will effect shifting of rods |62 land |66 to move gears 16 and 66. Axial movement of the shafts |16 and |1| to the right. as viewed in Fig. 2. will cause the meshing of pinions |16 and |16 with the rack teeth on rack elements |16 and |11, while at the same time causing the rack teeth of one of the less of yoke members |66 and |62 to move into mesh with the rack teeth |14 and |16. Under such circumstances, the rods |62 and |66 are locked in adjusted position, and upon oscillatable movement of the shafts |16 and |12, rods |63 and |64 will be axially moved thereby shifting gears 11 and 6|.

Referring to 2, an indicator |64 is adapted It |66, the legs of which partially surround the shafts |16 and |1|. Pins |61 and |66 in shafts |16 and |1|, respectively, are adapted to cooperate with the H-shaped slots to indicate the speed ratio set yup in the variable speed unit of the` transmission and to prevent the axial shifting of shafts |16 and-|1| except when the gears 11, 16, 66 and 6| are in a neutral position. A springpressed detent is provided for each shaft |16 shaft; means on said shaft adapted to be rotated in opposite directions; a variable-speed transmission for rotating the means on said shaft comprising a primary unit including a driving and driven shaft; a plurality of gears on said driving and driven shafts adapted to be selectively inter- -meshed; a secondary unit including a drivenare adapted to be selectively intermeshed with gears of the speed-reduction unit. y 3. A variable-speed transmission as claimed in claim 1, in which the speed-reduction unit comprises a plurality of constantly meshing gears 'on axes that are coaxial with the driving and` driven shafts of said primary unit.

4. A variable-speed transmission as claimed in -claim 1, in which said'primary unit includes a and |1| that cooperates with notches in said shafts for releasably maintaining the gears 41, 16, 66 and 6| in complete meshing engagement.

Each corner of the H-shaped slot |66 is provided with an index while a column of indices representing speeds as well as a column of the indices of H-shaped slot |66 are located adjacent the legs of the H-shaped slot |66. Accordingly,

by consulting the indexv plate and by selectivelyl operating the shafts |16 and |12, any one ofthe sixteen different speeds of the transmission F may be provided. For example, any o f thel speeds may be provided by placing the pin |66 in the leg of slot |66 that' is in line with the column containing the desired speed, and placing the pin |61 in the leg of slot |66, the letter of which corresponds with the letter in line with the desired speed adjacent slot |66.

Although the various features ofthe improved transmission have been shown and described in detail to fully disclose one embodiment of this invention, it will be -evident that numerous changes may be made in such details and cer- -,mtgin features may be usedfwith'out others, with.

outwdeparting from the principles of the invention.

What is 'claimed is:

1. Apparatus ,comprising in combinationi, a

. trolled by the variable-speedtransmission, and

driving shaft having a. plurality of selectively shiftable gear units splined ereto anda parallel driven shaft having a plurality of gear units keyed thereto; said speed-reduction unit comprises a plurality of constantly meshing gears journaled on extended portions of the driving and driven shafts of said primary'unit, one of which meshes with one of the gears' keyed to the driven shaft of said primary uniti and in which the driven shaft of said secondary unit has splined thereto a plurality of gears adapted to be selectively shifted into and out of mesh with certain of the gears of said speed-reduction unit.

5. Apparatus comprising in combination, separate rotatable shafts; a driving shaft for each of said rotatable shafts; Va pair of auxiliary shafts; a variable-speed transmission connected. to means on both of said auxiliary shafts for rotating means journaled on said driving shafts in opposite directions; constant-speed transmission means connected to additional meansv on both of said auxiliary shafts for rotating additional means journaled on said driving shafts in opposite directions; and means for selectively engaging any of said oppositely-rotatable means with said driving shafts. Y i

6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which said variable-speed transmission is connected to the means on said auxiliary shafts through anV overload connection: and the means for selectively engaging saidJoppositely-rotatable. means i with said driving shafts comprises a clutch between the opposltelyrotatable means that is conf another durch between the @mately-rotatable means that is controlled -b'y transmission means 7. A transmission-.including shaft comprislngmeans journaled thereon and adapted to be rotated in opposite directions; a clutch for engaging said driving shaft with either the constant-sped a driven shaft: a driving shaft; means for-rotating ,aiddrivin'sy nected to means for shifting said clutch to engage said driving shaft with either of said opposltelyrotatable means.

8. A transmission as claimed in claim 7 in which said clutch-shifting means comprises an oscillatable sleeve having a peripheral cam groove adapted to receive a cam roller connected to a clutch-shifting yoke that engages said clutch.

9. A transmission as claimed in claim '7, in which the means journaled on said driving shaft is driven by a variable-speed transmission.

10. A transmission as claimed in claim 7 in which the means journaled on said driving shaft is driven by a constant speed'drive.

11. Apparatus comprising in combination, separate rotatable shafts; a driving shaft for each of said rotatable shafts; means for rotating said driving shafts comprising means journaled on each adapted to be rotated in opposite directions; clutches for engaging 'each of said driving shafts with the oppositely-rotatable means journaled thereon; handwheels connected to each of said driving shafts; and a hand lever xed to a shaft extending through the axis of each of said handwheels and connected to means for shifting said clutches to engage said driving shafts with either of the oppositely-rotatable means on said driving shafts.

12. A transmission comprising in combination, a driven shaft; a driving shaft; a variable-speed drive for rotating means journaled on said drivsaid driving shafts, each of said sleeves having means for selectively moving one of said clutches upon oscillatable movementv being imparted to said sleeve and separate axiallyfshiftable oscillatable shafts extending through eachv pair of said sleeves. each shaft being adapted to axially-aligned oscillatable sleeves for each of said ing shaft in opposite directions at a plurality 4of speeds; a constant-speed drive for rotating separate means on said driving shaft in opposite directionsat a constant speed; clutches for con-- 'nesting said driving shaft to any of said oppo-l shifting said clutches.

sitely-rotatable means; and means for selectively pair of axially aligned oscillatable sleeves having means for selectively moving said clutches upon oscillatable movement being imparted thereto; and an axially-shiftable oscillatable shaftextending through said sleeves adapted toselectively engage either of said sleeves.

14. A transmission as claimed in claim 12, in which said clutch-shifting means comprises a pair of axially-aligned oscillatable sleeves having means for selectively shifting said clutches upon oscillatable movement being imparted thereto and an axially-shiftable oscillatable shaft extending through said sleeves; means on saidaxially-shiftable oscillatable shaft adapted to be selectively moved into and out of driving engagement with means on said sleeves; and means for preventing the axial movement of said axially-shiftable oscillatable shaft when either of said clutches is engaged with any of said oppositely-rotatable means.

15. Apparatus comprising in combination, separate rotatable driven shafts; a driving shaft for each of said driven shafts;` a variable-speed transmission for rotating means journaled on each of said driving shafts in opposite directions at a plurality of speeds; a constant-speed drive for rotating separate means on each of said driving shafts in opposite directions at a substantially constant speed; clutches for connecting said driving shafts to any of said oppositely-rotatable means; and means for selectively shifting said clutches.

16. Apparatus as claimed in claim 15. in which said clutch-shifting means comprises a pair of axially-aligned oscillatable sleeves for each of driving shafts, each of said sleeves having means for selectively moving one of said clutches upon oscillatable movement being imparted to said sleeve, and separate axially-shiftable oscillatable shafts extending through each pair of said sleeves; means on each of said axially-shiftable oscillatable shafts adapted to be moved into and out of driving engagement with means on the sleeves through which it extends; and means for preventing the axial movement of said axiallyshiftable oscillatable shafts yrelative to the pair of sleeves through which it extends when either of the clutches controlled. by said pair of sleeves is in engagement with any of said oppositely-rotatable means.

18, A transmission comprising in combination a driven shaft separate means for driving said driven shaft at a constant and at a variable speed in either direction; clutches for establishing either of said drives; means for shifting said clutches; means for manuallyrotating said driven shaft; and means for rendering said manual means ineffective when one of said separate means for driving said driven shaft is established by the shifting of one of said clutches.

19. A transmission as claimed in claim 18, in which the means for shifting said clutches comprises axially aligned oscillatable sleeves` having peripheral cam grooves within which rollers con-l nected to clutch-shifting levers are adapted to travel, and an axially-shiftable oscillatable shaft shiftable shaft in one direction to move said handwheel out of. clutching engagement with the means for rotating said driving shaft.

21. Apparatus comprising a driving shaft; o ppositely-rotatable means journaled on said driving shaft adapted to be rotated at a plurality of speeds; separate oppositely-rotatable means journaled on said driving shaft adapted to be rotated at a constant speed; clutches for engaging any of said rotatable means with said driving shaft; axially aligned oscillatable sleeves having means for-shifting said clutches upon oscillation of said sleeves; an axially-shiftable oscillat-` able shaft mounted within said sleeves and provided with means for engaging saidsleeves: means for manually rotating said driving shaft; and means for rendering said manually rotatable means ineffective when said axially-shiftabley shaft is moved to e'ect engagement of one of said clutches with one of said rotatable means.

22. In a transmission, a pair of driving shafts;

a. pair of auxiliary shafts; means on each of said driving shafts adapted to be rotated in opposite directions by means on said auxiliary shafts; positive-acting variable-speed means adapted to drive the means on said auxiliary shafts; additional means on each of said driving shafts adapted to be rotated in opposite directions by to be driven; a driving shaft 'for each of said driven shafts; a pair of auxiliary shafts; avariable speed transmission adapted to rotate means on said auxiliary shafts in opposite directions at a' plurality of relatively .slow speeds; means adapted to rotate additionalmeans on said auxiliary shafts in opposite directions and at a. s'ubstantially constant relatively rapid speed; means iournaled on each of said driving shafts adapted to be driven in opposite directions by said variable and constant speed means: means for, connecting and disconnecting said constant and variable speed means to the means iournaledon saidl driving shafts; handwheels connected to each of the lpair of shaftsfsaid connecting and disconnecting means comprising shafts that pass through the axes of said handwheels and which shafts cooperate with oscillatable means for actu ating said connecting and disconnecting means; and means for insuring complete action of said connecting and disconnectingmeansupon a predetermined oscillatable movement being imparted to said oscillatable means.

24. In a transmission, a. driven shaft; a driving shaft; separate means iournaled on said driving shaft adapted tobe rotated in opposite directions; a pair of -shafts including oppositely rotatable means adapted to drive the oppositely rotatable means journaled on said driving shaft; variable-speed means for. driving said pair of shafts including a driving shaft, an intermediate shaft and a driven shaft;..shiftable gear means on 'the driving shaft of said variable-speed means adapted to mesh with gears on said intermediate shaft; intermeshing speed-reduction gears Journaled on said driving and intermediate shafts of said variable-speed means; and shiftable gears message on the driven shaft of said variable-speed means adapted to mesh with certain of said speed-reduction gears. .s

25. In a transmission, a pair of driven shafts; a driving shaft for each of said driven shafts; separate means Journaled on eschofvsaid driving shafts adapted to be rotated. in opposiizedirections; a pair of auxiliary shafts' including oppositely rotatable means adapted to drive the oppositely rotatable -means iournaled on lsaid driving shafts; `variablespeed means for driving said pair of shafts including a driving shaft, an intermediate shaft and a-driven.-shaft; shiftable gear means on the...driviiig..shaft off-said variable-speed means adapted to-.mesh with gears on said intermediate shaft; intermeshing speed- Y reduction gears Aiournaled driving and intermediate shafts of said variable-speedmeans;

and shiftable gears on :thef driven shaft ofl said' variable-speed means adapted to mesh with cer- `tain of saidspeed-rcductioh gears.

26. Apparatus comprising in combination'lseparate rotatable shafts; adriving shaft for each of said separate rotatable shafts; a pairlot auxiliary shafts; relatively long, intermeshing, par.

tially over-lapping gears. .iournaled on said auxiliary shafts; power .means connected to ,said over-lapping gears; a pair of gears on each-driving shaft, one of the pair ofgears on each driving shaft meshingwith .one.and the other of the pair of gears on each driving shaft meshing with the other of said gears on said nuxiliaryjshafts;

and means for selectively engaging said 'pairs of gears with said driving shafw.- Y

28. In a transmission including-1 adapted to drive a vplurality of'shnfts in both directions, means for rotating. said mechanismst a plurality of speeds comprising a first shaft adapted to support a. plurality of shiftsble gears; a second shaft adapted4 tomupporta plurality oi' gears adapted to be meshed-with the gears on the first shaft; a plurality of inter-meshing speed reducing gears iournaled on *said first and second shafts and driven bymesns onsaid second shaft: andv a third shaft. adapted to support s plurality of `shiftable gears thatareadspted to be mashed with certain of said speed reducing gears. 

